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''Doctor Who'' is a British television science-fiction series, produced and screened by the British Broadcasting Corporation on their BBC 1 channel from 1963 to 1989 in its original form, with a new series launched in early 2005. In between the two, there was a one-off television movie co-produced with Universal Pictures and 20th Century Fox Television, screened on the Fox Network in the United States in 1996. ==Origins== In March 1962, Eric Maschwitz, the Assistant and Adviser to the Controller of Programmes at BBC Television, asked Donald Wilson, the Head of the Script Department, to have his department's Survey Group prepare a study on the feasibility of the BBC producing a new science fiction television series.〔Howe, Stammers, Walker. ''The Handbook'' (1994), p. 159.〕 The report was prepared by staff members Alice Frick and Donald Bull, and delivered the following month, much to the commendation of Wilson, Maschwitz and the BBC's Assistant Controller of Programmes Donald Baverstock.〔Howe, Stammers, Walker. ''The Handbook'' (1994), p. 161.〕 A follow-up report into specific ideas for the format of such a programme was commissioned, and delivered in July. Prepared by Frick with another Script Department staff member, John Braybon, this report recommended a series dealing with time travel as being an idea particularly worthy of development.〔Howe, Stammers, Walker. ''The Handbook'' (1994), pp. 162 – 164.〕 In December, Canadian-born Sydney Newman arrived at BBC Television as the new Head of Drama. Newman was a science-fiction fan who had overseen several such productions in his previous positions at ABC Television and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.〔Howe, Stammers, Walker. ''The Handbook'' (1994), p. 162.〕 In March 1963, he was made aware by Baverstock – now promoted to Controller of Programmes – of a gap in the schedule on Saturday evenings between the sports showcase ''Grandstand'' and the pop music programme ''Juke Box Jury''.〔Howe, Stammers, Walker. ''The Handbook'' (1994), p. 166.〕 Ideally, any programme scheduled here would appeal to children that had previously been accustomed to the timeslot; the teenaged audience of ''Juke Box Jury''; and the adult sports fan audience of ''Grandstand''.〔Howe, Stammers, Walker (1993), p. 3〕 Newman decided that a science-fiction programme would be perfect to fill the gap, and enthusiastically took up the existing Script Department research, initiating several brainstorming sessions with Wilson, Braybon, Frick and another BBC staff writer, C. E. 'Bunny' Webber.〔 Wilson and Webber contributed heavily to the formatting of the programme and its initial cast of regular characters,〔Richards, p. 13.〕 and co-wrote the programme's first format document with Newman.〔Howe, Stammers, Walker. ''The Handbook'' (1994), p. 182.〕 Newman personally came up with the idea of a time machine larger on the inside than the outside and the idea of the central character, the mysterious "Doctor"; he also gave the series the name ''Doctor Who''.〔〔Hugh David, an actor initially considered for the role of the Doctor and later a director on the programme, later claimed that Rex Tucker coined the title ''Doctor Who''. Tucker himself claimed that it was Newman who had done so. Howe, Stammers, Walker. ''The Handbook'' (1994), p. 173.〕 Later in the year production was initiated and handed over to producer Verity Lambert and story editor David Whitaker to oversee, after a brief period when the show had been handled by a "caretaker" producer, Rex Tucker.〔 Concerned about Lambert's relative lack of experience, Wilson appointed the experienced staff director Mervyn Pinfield as associate producer. Australian staff writer Anthony Coburn also contributed, penning the very first episode from a draft initially prepared by Webber, and coming up with the idea that the time machine, the TARDIS, should externally resemble a police box.〔Howe, Stammers, Walker. ''The Handbook'' (1994), p. 178.〕 ''Doctor Who'' was originally intended to be an educational series, with the TARDIS taking the form of an object from that particular episode's time period (a column in Ancient Greece, a sarcophagus in Egypt, etc.). When the show's budget was calculated, however, it was discovered that it was prohibitively expensive to re-dress the TARDIS model for each episode; instead, the TARDIS's "Chameleon Circuit" was said to be malfunctioning, giving the prop its characteristic 'police-box' appearance.〔Episode 1: An Unearthly Child, 08:00〕 The series' theme music was written by film and television composer Ron Grainer (who would later go on to also compose the theme to ''The Prisoner'', among others) in collaboration with the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. While Grainer wrote the theme, it was Delia Derbyshire who was responsible for its creation, using a series of tape recorders to laboriously cut and join together the individual sounds she created with both concrete sources and square- and sine-wave oscillators. Grainer was amazed at the results and asked "Did I write that?" when he heard it. Derbyshire replied that he mostly had. The BBC (who wanted to keep members of the Workshop anonymous) prevented Grainer from getting her a co-composer credit and half the royalties. This unusual creative situation was explained in the BBC documentary called (Alchemists of Sound ). The title sequence was designed by graphics designer Bernard Lodge and realised by electronic effects specialist Norman Taylor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Doctor Who」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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